WORLD DIABETES DAY

14 November is World Diabetes Day. Its purpose is to raise awareness of the, that every person, suffering from diabetes or at risk of developing diabetes, deserves, if possible, the best education, prevention and treatment.

It is important to emphasize, что дата 14 November is celebrated annually from 1991 years on Frederick Bunting's birthday, Canadian physiologist, discovered the hormone insulin together with Professor John McLeod.

The urgency of the problem is due to the scale of the spread of diabetes mellitus. In all countries, there is an increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus almost everywhere. The number of patients with diabetes mellitus currently exceeds 260 million people, with the bulk (90%) of patients are patients with diabetes 2 type. At the same time, the incidence annually increases in all countries by 5-7%, and every 12- 15 years - doubles. According to forecasts, while maintaining such growth rates, To 2025 g. the number of patients with diabetes mellitus on the planet will reach 300 million people, and to 2030 g. diabetes mellitus is expected to have more than 380 million people.

Diabetes mellitus was described in the 1st century. n. NS. Roman doctors Celsus and Aret, which noted in some patients profuse urination, excessive thirst and weight loss. В XVII в. English physician Thomas Willis noticed, that in patients with these symptoms, the urine tastes sweet. Later, в XIX в., it was found, that starch is converted into glucose in the small intestine, which then flows from the bloodstream to the liver, where and is deposited in the form of glycogen.

Diabetes – it is a chronic disease, which occurs in those cases, when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body is unable to efficiently use the insulin it secretes. Insulin is a hormone, regulating sugar levels, in the blood. Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, is a common result of uncontrolled diabetes and, over time, causes serious damage to many body systems, especially nerves and blood vessels.

Сахарный диабет может возникнуть в любом возрасте и продолжаться всю жизнь. A hereditary predisposition is clearly traced, however, the realization of this risk depends on the action of many factors, among which obesity and physical inactivity are leading.

Allocate 2 type of diabetes:

Diabetes type 1

With type diabetes 1 (formerly known as insulin dependent, youth or children), which is characterized by insufficient production of insulin, daily administration of insulin is required. The cause of this type of diabetes is unknown., therefore it cannot be prevented at this time. Symptoms include excessive urination (polyuria), thirst (polydipsia), constant feeling of hunger, weight loss, vision changes and fatigue. These symptoms may appear suddenly.

Diabetes type 2

Diabetes type 2 (previously referred to as non-insulin dependent or adult) develops as a result of ineffective use of insulin by the body. Diabetes type 2, who are sick 90% people with diabetes in the world, is largely the result of being overweight and physically inert. Symptoms may be similar to those of type diabetes 1, but often less pronounced. As a result, the disease can be diagnosed several years after its onset., after the onset of complications. Until recently, this type of diabetes was observed only among adults., but nowadays it also affects children.

For centuries, people did not know the means to combat this disease., and diagnosis “diabetes” did not leave the patient any hope, not only for recovery, but also for life – without this hormone, providing glucose uptake by tissues, the body cannot exist and is doomed to slow extinction. Открытие Фредерика Бантинга совместно с Джоном Маклеодом спасло жизнь миллионам. Unfortunately, сахарный диабет на сегодня является неизлечимым, но благодаря инсулину люди научились держать эту болезнь под контролем.

It is important to note, that early diagnosis can be made with relatively inexpensive blood testing.

Diabetes treatment consists of lowering blood glucose and levels of other known risk factors, that affect the blood vessels. Для предупреждения диабета типа 2 and its complications, it is necessary to lead a healthy lifestyle.

Важно добиться нормального веса тела и поддерживать его, благодаря занятиям физической культурой по 20-30 minutes a day. You need to stick to a healthy diet, потреблять фрукты и овощи от трех до пяти раз в день, and reduce your intake of sugar and saturated fat.

Рекомендуется воздерживаться от употребления табака – курение повышает риск развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний.

Reduced glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glycemia are intermediate conditions between normal and diabetes.. Individuals with these symptoms are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes., although it is not inevitable.

Diabetes can damage the heart over time, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves. Diabetic retinopathy is an important cause of blindness and occurs as a result of long-term accumulation of damage to small blood vessels in the retina. After 15 years of diabetes about 2% people go blind, and about 10% develop acute visual impairment.

Diabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by diabetes and affects up to 50% diabetics. Although there are various problems with diabetic neuropathy, tingling sensations are common symptoms, pain, numbness or weakness in the arms and legs. When combined with decreased blood flow, leg neuropathy increases the likelihood of leg ulcers and, in the end, limb amputations.

Diabetes Facts

Diabetes is among the leading causes of kidney failure. They die from kidney failure 10%-20% diabetics.

Diabetes raises the risk of heart disease and stroke. From cardiovascular diseases (mainly heart disease and stroke) die 50% diabetics.

Among people with diabetes, the overall risk of death is at least twice the risk of death for those with diabetes., who is not diabetic.

WHO experts believe, what if no immediate action is taken, then in the next 10 years number of deaths, diabetes-related, increase by more than 50%.

About 80% diabetes deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries.

About half of diabetes deaths occur in people under the age of 70 years old; 55% of those dying from diabetes are women.

It should be noted, that to improve the health of the population, to reduce mortality and increase life expectancy in the Republic of Belarus, a structured diabetological service has been created, which has a multilevel principle of patient care.

The provision of specialized outpatient diabetological care is carried out at the level of polyclinics of the central district hospitals, городских поликлиник и городского эндокринологического диспансера г. Minsk.

There are specialized endocrinological beds in each region of the republic., as for the adult population, and children's.

How Diabetes Day is celebrated?

The aim of the event is to increase awareness of the disease in children and adults., living with diabetes. However, the day of patients with diabetes also applies to doctors of various specialties., influential people in the field of politics and business, some media representatives - in general, all citizens in general. Here are just a few mass events, which are held on this day every year:

• illumination of historical and architectural monuments with blue light;
• walking and cycling;
• radio- and TV programs, placement of publications in the press;
• осуществление скрининга по раннему диагностированию недуга и его осложнений;
• public information meetings, organization of press conferences.

Thus, World Diabetes Day is of great importance for the entire modern community. The frequency of its holding and the scale of the event make it possible to adequately cover all segments of the population in all countries of the world.. It is thanks to this that every year the treatment and detection of the disease turn out to be more and more successful..